Mosquitoes are the most familiar and important health pests. They not only suck human blood, but also are vectors of many serious diseases. Mosquito-borne diseases are collectively called mosquito-borne diseases. There are four types of mosquito-borne diseases prevalent in China: malaria, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever.

The life cycle of mosquitoes includes four stages: eggs, larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes (adults), which belong to completely metamorphic insects. Mosquitoes are insects living in two different habitats. Water-forming mosquitoes live on land in their larval stage. Eggs can hatch larvae only in water, and larvae and pupae can grow and develop only in water. So water accumulation is a limiting factor for mosquito breeding.

Mosquitoes have to copulate to reproduce, and mosquito dance is usually considered a special behavior associated with mating. Most mosquitoes suck blood, but only female mosquitoes suck blood; male mosquitoes can not suck blood, they live on nectar, plant juice and so on. Female mosquitoes sometimes suck nectar to survive. Female mosquitoes must suck blood to mature their ovaries in addition to self-fertilizing mosquito species. Autotrophic mosquitoes also bite and suck blood, such as Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus and Culex molestatus. Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, which prefer to suck human blood, are important mosquitoes that transmit mosquito-borne diseases or harassment by blood-sucking. They are also the main targets of mosquito control in cities and towns.

Mosquito control is mainly divided into larval control and adult control.

Drug control of larvae is temporary, and the larvae will grow again after one killing, so the killing of larvae can only be used as an auxiliary measure, and preventive measures should be taken on the basis of clearing breeding places.

Adult mosquito control refers to the use of various insecticides spraying, including space spraying, indoor residual spraying, as well as fumigation and use of pyrethroids to treat mosquito nets.

We should adhere to the principles of taking environmental prevention and control as the basis, treating the root causes as the main and treating both the root causes and the root causes.

Mosquito prevention:

1. Clean up the premises and check if there is any container water in the premises.

2. Remove all excess accumulated water and eliminate all sources of leakage.

3. Replace water in vases and potted trays at least once a week to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. Gaskets should be avoided as far as possible.

4. Cover all water containers to prevent adult mosquitoes from touching the water surface.

5. Proper disposal of water-carrying items, such as empty cartons, empty cans and waste tires.

6. Outdoor use of containers such as bottles, cans and cans should be minimized and properly handled.

7. Avoid being bitten by dengue mosquitoes when going out during the day. Wear long-sleeved trousers and spray mosquito-repellent liquid on exposed areas.

8. Install screen doors and windows at home.

9. Pay attention to the mosquito breeding sources downstairs, basement or parking lot.

二、蚊子灭治：

1. To carry out mosquito control, first of all, by remodeling and purifying all kinds of water sources, reducing water accumulation and other methods, to clear breeding sites and reduce the necessary living space for mosquito larvae to grow, and then take measures to kill adults.

2. Space spraying insecticides: spraying agents, aerosols, ultra-low volume spraying, etc. can be used to disperse insecticides in the air or habitats, causing mosquitoes to contact insecticides and cause death.

3. Smoke and kill adult mosquitoes: Smoke agent and hot smoke are mainly used in places that are inconvenient to enter and difficult to spray, such as waterways, air-raid shelters and winter mosquito habitats, such as earth caves, underground caves and other places.

4. Indoor sluggish spraying: It is the most widely used method in chemical control, but it is often used to control vector Anopheles mosquitoes in anti-malaria. In cities, it is very difficult to meet the requirement of real indoor sluggish spraying and the dosage of spraying agent. Therefore, this method should not be used in urban mosquito control. It is suitable for rural towns, especially isolated residential areas. The outer protective belt of the advanced urban area for mosquito control is 300,00 meters, which is equivalent to the effective spread distance of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. It can be used to treat resident mosquito nets and indoor sluggish spraying.

5. Treatment of mosquito nets: Treating mosquito nets with pyrethroids (effective) drugs has good effect on killing adult mosquitoes. It is suitable for mosquito control areas or protective belt areas to achieve ideal results. Leveling land, clearing water, dredging ditches, filling depressions, turning over pots and pots, eradicating mosquito breeding areas;

6. Installation of anti-mosquito facilities such as screen windows and screen doors to prevent mosquito invasion;

7. In the inaccessible or difficult to eradicate breeding sources, such as sewage pools, septic tanks, sanitary sewers, swamps and low-lying areas, the company uses imported insect growth regulators, so that insect larvae can not successfully peel, pupate, emerge into adults and continue to reproduce, to achieve control effect. It is effective, low dose, odorless, convenient and environmentally friendly. The imported insect growth regulators are combined with adult insecticides to achieve a faster comprehensive control effect.

8. Biological control:

(1) Natural enemies: For ponds that cannot be controlled by the environment, willow fish, Chinese betta, yellow catfish, carp and Cyprinus are allowed to be released.

Fish, grass carp, etc.

(2) Pathogenic microorganisms: mosquito larvae were killed by Bacillus thuringiensis serum H14 and Bacillus globosa.

(3) Hormones: The physiological activities of mosquitoes, such as growth, metamorphosis, reproduction and metabolism, are affected by juvenile stimulation and desquamation hormones.

Killing effect.