1. Damage of fleas

At present, there are more than 610 species of fleas known in China, among which the most harmful species are the following.

(1) Xenopsylla cheopis was found in all provinces except Xinjiang, Tibet and Ningxia. Its main host is domesticated or semi-domesticated rodents. It also sucks human blood. Rat nest is its main breeding place. It is the most important vector of plague between domestic rodents and humans. It is also the intermediate host of endemic typhus and tapeworm.

(2) Human fleas, also known as pruritic fleas, are widely distributed in all provinces and regions of China. They have a wide range of hosts and breeding sites. They are the most closely related species to human beings. They are highly aggressive to human beings and most harmful to harassment. They can transmit plague and are also intermediate hosts of canine bigenital tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis minus.

(3) Except Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Hunan and Hubei, the designated subspecies of the flea are widely distributed in other provinces and regions in China. The flea hosts a wide range of carnivorous animals, especially domestic cats, and sucks human blood. It is an important vector of endemic typhus fever, can also transmit plague, and is an intermediate host of canine bigenital tapeworm.

(4) There are four subspecies of Citellus squaris in China. They are distributed in the grasslands and desert grasslands of northeast, north and northwest China and Qinghai. Citellus is its main host, which sucks blood from both human and domestic mice, and is the main vector of plague among Citellus dauricus.

(5) Daphnia axyriformis is distributed in Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, Sichuan and Tibet, mainly parasitic on marmots, and is one of the important vectors of plague among marmots in Himalaya.

(6) The flea with disease originated in Europe and was later introduced into China, so it used to be found mainly in ports and convenient transportation areas, but now mainly in the northeast and other places. The host is Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, which is one of the vectors of plague.

(7) Mountain flea Xie is one of the special parasitic fleas of marmots in China. It mainly distributes in plateau or forest or grassland where marmots live, such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, western Sichuan and Western Yunnan. It is one of the important transmission vectors and preservers of pathogens of plague among marmots.

(8) The flea is mainly distributed in the northwest of China. Its host is mainly hoofed livestock, especially sheep. Because of its large number of parasitism and continuous blood sucking, it can cause anemia, edema, emaciation and weakness of sheep, resulting in economic losses. The flea is one of the important pests of livestock in the distribution area.

(9) New fleas are mainly distributed in Sanbei and Sichuan and Shandong provinces in China. Their habitats include forests. Forest grassland, desert grassland, farming and reclamation areas and surrounding cities have various hosts and can also suck human blood. Yersinia pestis has been isolated from them in nature, which has a certain vector significance.

(10) Phytophthora Leptospira is distributed in other areas except Xinjiang. The main host is Mus musculus, and Yersinia pestis is isolated from it. It may be the transmitter of plague in the distribution area.

2. The way of killing fleas

Generally speaking, the methods and measures to prevent and control fleas include: keeping the environment clean and hygienic; keeping pets clean and hygienic; doing a good job of environmental rodent control; spraying insecticides in space; fumigation; indoor sluggish spraying of hygienic insecticides and so on.

(1) Family killing fleas: When ordinary families purchase and use insecticides to kill fleas, they should be vigilant enough. When insecticides are incorrect, they are prone to human and animal poisoning. Secondly, after spraying insecticides, leave the scene immediately. Half an hour later, after opening the window and ventilating fully, you can enter the room. Thirdly, infants, young children and children with imperfect brain development must not be exposed to any pesticides in order to avoid adverse effects on brain development. In addition, do not contaminate food and cooking utensils when using pesticides in the kitchen. Since most insecticidal aerosols are inflammable, do not use them in open-fire kitchens to avoid causing fires. In places with high flea density, discard rags, fragments or old newspapers that have been infected by fleas. Vacuum cleaner is used to clean the floor, corner, furniture, floor under furniture and pet's habitual activities. The collected debris is burned or discarded immediately after sealing with sealing tape. Professional pest control companies are invited to carry out comprehensive environmental control. At the same time, attention should be paid to the management of dogs, cats and other livestock, such as bathing dogs and cats with medicated liquid regularly. Emergency measures should be taken to control fleas and strengthen personal protection during the epidemic of plague.

(2) Flea extermination in office space: For large-scale spread areas such as stores, offices, workshops, warehouses, furniture factories and so on, only a few insecticidal water and simple equipment can not work. It is necessary to use professional instruments, select appropriate drugs and adopt appropriate methods to achieve the desired results. According to the characteristics of the larval mouth larva chewing type, the adult mouthparts aspiration, and the parasitic way of fleas, most of them are free type. In practice, manual spraying is used to carry out large area indoor drug spraying and spraying. Portable electric ultra low volume sprayer. This kind of machine is characterized by fine droplets, high concentration of liquid medicine, droplet volume diameter (VMD) is generally below 50 microns, suitable for space spraying, but also for retention spraying, is an ideal sanitary sterilizing device.

(3) Destroy fleas in warehouses: Fleas in warehouses are normally caused by the density of wild cats or mice, and there are also fleas in warehouses.